I. Term translation (1x30=30)

Please translate the following English terms into Chinese.

1. cash on delivery

2. fair competition

3. UNICEF

4. intangible asset

5. bilateral cooperation

6. Semantic Translation

7. planetary exploration mission

8. intellectual property rights

9. the Book of Rites

10. five-character quatrain

11. degradable plastic bag

12. pilot free trade zones

13. national titles of honor

14. digital currency

15. city cluster

Please translate the following Chinese terms into English.

1. 文化自信

2. 最高法院

3. 全球发展倡议

4. 人口老龄化

5. 贸易逆差

6. 空袭

7. 国务院

8. 平台经济

9. 乡村振兴

10. 落地签

11. 全球供应链

12. 碳中和

13. 生态补偿

14. 信息安全

15. 天坛

II. Passage translation (60x2=120)

Please translate the following 2 passages. If the source passage is in English, please translate it into Chinese. If the source passage is in Chinese, please translate it into English.

Passage 1

THE NARRATIVE goes as follows. America is suffering from a nationwide teacher shortage. Teachers have been leaving the profession for years, but recent stresses from the pandemic and the culture war have caused the entire profession to hit a tipping point. Educators are leaving in droves. School leaders are using desperate measures to recruit. Some districts are offering five-figure bonuses. Florida is allowing military veterans without the usually required qualification of a bachelor’s degree to teach while taking college classes. Some rural schools are even resorting to four-day school weeks.

As in previous years, the shortage is largely confined to certain areas and subjects. Yet recently it has been perceived as a national problem. America faces a “catastrophic” teacher shortage, according to the Washington Post; schools “across the US” are facing shortages, declared a Fox News banner; it’s “like dog-eat-dog” when scrambling to hire teachers, claimed a headline in the Wall Street Journal.

The shortage narrative is politically expedient for education activists on both sides. Democrats, whose supporters favour spending more on public schools than Republicans, point to massive teaching shortages as proof that public schools are underfunded. But conservatives use the nationwide narrative for their own purposes, too. They point to the supposed shortage as proof that the entire state-school system is failing. They push for lowering teaching-certification standards and removing teachers’ unions. And they say privatisation provides an answer.

In truth, the schools that are struggling to hire teachers are the usual suspects. Nationwide, public schools are doing quite well: most pupils will have a teacher, and overall family satisfaction with their child’s school will probably stay high this year as in past years. The problems remain where the problems tend to exist—in the underfunded schools serving the most disadvantaged pupils.

Passage 2

在周三至周五举行的2022年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会上，中国东部的浙江省展示了其作为数字经济强省的各种经验和成就。

浙江省目前是全国城乡收入差距最小的省份，过去几年中，浙江省一直在农村地区大力建设数字基础设施。根据当地政府的最新数据，浙江城镇和农村居民的年收入分别连续21年和37年位居全国第一。

总部位于杭州的阿里巴巴集团表示，作为浙江的一家民营企业，阿里巴巴拥有8亿多用户和大量在其在线平台上经营业务的客户。该公司表示，推动实现共同富裕的目标是其战略和社会责任。

阿里巴巴集团公共事务副总裁闻佳表示：“数字经济具有包容性、社会性和灵活性。例如，残疾人可以在网上创业，中国的许多县已经在网上交易农产品，变得富裕起来。”

数字经济已成为浙江经济增长的主要引擎之一。例如，根据当地政府的数据，浙江桐乡有2800多家注册公司从事与数字经济相关的业务，比2014年的约350家大幅增加。在过去的几年里，桐乡将5G、物联网、大数据和人工智能与传统产业相结合，取得了丰硕的成果。